Sultan T. Abu-Orabi Al-Adwan
Professor/Organic Chemistry-Organometallics
Tafila Technical University / President
Jordanian Chemical Society/President
Arab Union of Chemists/President

Professor Sultan T. Abu-Orabi

Address

Tafila Technical University / President
P.O. Box 179
Tafila - Jordan
Tel. :   Office     (00962) 3 2250521
Home     (00962) 2 7060046
Mobile   (00962) 79 5600448
Fax         (00962) 3 2250431
e-mail  : abuorabi@excite.com  

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Personal data


          Date Birth                :         March 20,1950
          Place of Birth            :         Shafa Badran/Jordan
          Nationality                :         Jordanian
          Marital Status           :         Married
          Number of Children    :         Seven
          Names and Year Born:      (Yazan 1986)
                                                (Saif El-Dien 1988)
                                                (Razan 1990)
                                                (Raya 1993)
                                                (Mohamad 1995)
                                                (Rand 1998)
                                                (Raghad 2000)

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Education

Institution

Location

Degree

Year

Language

University of Jordan

Amman

B.Sc.

1973

English

Western Michigan University

Kalamazoo, U.S.A.

M.Sc.

1977

English

University of Michigan
B.Sc. in Chemistry
M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry
Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry

Ann Arbor, U.S.A.

Ph.D.

1982

English

    Title of Thesis
          M.Sc. : "The preparation and study of some bridged Tropones".
          Ph.D.  : "The Synthesis of Substituted Arsabenzenes".

 

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EXPERIENCE

  a.      Managerial Posts
                   1987-1989: Director of Student Activities, Yarmouk University, Jordan.
                   September 1998 – September 2001:  Chairman of Chemistry Department   
(Yarmouk Univ.).
                   September 2001 – August 2002: Dean of Students Affairs (Yarmouk Univ.).
                   September 2002 – March 2005: President – Irbid National University.
                         March 2005 – Present Date: President – Tafila Technical University
          b.       Teaching
                   1. Before Ph.D. Degree
                       1975-1976 Teaching Assistant, Western Mich. Univ. U.S.A.
                        1977-1978 Teaching Assistant, Univ. of Michigan U.S.A.
                       1979-1982 Research Assistant, Univ. of Michigan U.S.A.

                   2. After Ph.D. Degree

1982-1987 Assistant Professor, Yarmouk University, (Jordan)
1987-1989 Associate Professor, Yarmouk Univeristy,(Jordan)
1989-1990 Visiting Associate Professor, Bahrain University, (Bahrain)
1990-1993 Associate Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and  Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)
1993-1995, Associate Professor Yarmouk University, (Jordan)
January 1996 – August 1996 , Professor, Yarmouk University, (Jordan)
1996-1998, Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)
September 1998 – 2002 , Professor Yarmouk University (Jordan)                     

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Courses taught

1. At Yarmouk University :

Chem. 101 General Chemistry (1) , Chem. 105 General Chemistry Lab   
Chem. 102 General Chemistry (2), Chem. 107 General Chemistry Lab
Chem. 211 Organic Chemistry(1) , Chem. 212 Organic Chemistry (2)              
Chem. 213 Organic Chem. Lab. (1) , Chem. 214 Organic Chem. Lab. (2)
Chem. 215 Organic Chem. (For None Major), Chem216 Organic Chem. Laboratory (For None Major),
Chem. 311 Organic Chemistry (3) , Chem. 312 Organic Structure Identification  
*Chem. 611 Advanced Organic Chemistry for Master degree
*Chem. 612 Advanced Organic Chemistry for master degree

2.       At Bahrain University  : (1989-1990)
          Chem. 053 General Chemistry , GSC 101 Chemistry for non-science major        
          Chem. 101 General Chemistry (1) , Chem. 211 Organic Chemistry (1)    
          Chem. 401 Organic Chemistry (3) .          

3.       At King Fahd University : (1990-1993 & 1996-1998)
          Chem. 101 - General Chemistry , Chem. 102 - General Chemistry (2)
          Chem. 201 - Organic Chemistry (1) , Chem. 202 - Organic Chemistry (2) .
          *Chem. 536 – Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds.
          *(Graduate courses for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees)

4.       At Jarash National University (1994, 1999, 2000)
          Chem. 101 - General Chemistry (1)
          Chem. 102 - General Chemistry (2)
          Chem. 312 - Organic Structure Identification

5.       At Jordan University of Science and Technology (2000)
          Chem. 217 - Organic Chemistry for Medical Schools

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Research Interests

  1.       Synthesis and Reactions of Arsenic Compounds.
  2.       Synthesis and Study of Tin and Boron Compounds.
  3.       Synthesis and Reactions of Azides and Triazoles compounds.
  4.       Synthesis and Reactions of Nitrile Oxides and Isoxazoles Compounds.
  5.       Synthesis and Study of Oxadiazole Compounds.
  6.         Synthesis and Study of Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Derivatives with Main  Group Elements .
  7.        Utilization of Triazole and Isoxazole Compounds for Anti-corrosion Studies

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Graduate Studies

:           a.       Direct Supervision
                   1.       M.Sc. in Educational Chemistry by Mr. Mohammad M. Al-Khashan,    1987 .
                             Title of Thesis: "The Learning of Some Scientific Concepts in general Chemistry for freshman                              Students at Yarmouk University".
                   2.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Fakhri Mahmoud Marii, 1988.
                             Title of Thesis: "1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of aromatic azides with acetylenic Compounds".
                   3.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Amer Al-Sheikh Ali, 1990.
                             Title of Thesis: "Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles Via1,3-dipolar cycloaddition Reactions of Organic Azides                              with Acetylenic   Compounds".
                   4.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Sami A. Klaib, 1990  .
                             Title of Thesis: "Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,3-Di-ter-Butyl  Cyclopentadienyl Titanium (IV)                             Chlorides".
                   5.       M.Sc.  in Chemistry by Mr. Selhi F. Shahateet, 1993.
                             Title of thesis  :  “Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted  Benzyl Azides".
                   6.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Loai T. Al-Momani, 1995.
                             Title of Thesis : “Syntheses, Study and Reactions of Isoxazole and Isoxazoline Compounds via                               1,3- Dipolar Cycloaddition reactions of  Aromatic Nitrile Oxides”.
                   7.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Khaled Abu-Shandi , 1995.
                             Title of Thesis:"Synthesis and study of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds and their Cyclization Reactions "  .
                   8.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Abdullatif I. Al-Abdulhadi, 1995.
                             "Title of thesis: Protective Effects of substituted 1-Benzyl-1-H-1,2,3-
                             Triazole Compounds on the Dissolution of Iron in HCl solution" at
                             King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia).
                   9.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mrs Safa Al-Alousi, 1996.
                             Title of thesis: "Study of the mutagenic activity of some azide and 1,2,3-triazole compounds”.
                   10.     P.h.D. in Chemistry by Ms. Noura Al-Mehbad, 1997.
                             Title of Thesis “Alkylation and Disproportation of Aromatic   Hydrocarbon Compounds using Zeolites”                             at college of Girls-Dammam(Saudi Arabia).
                   11.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Maisaa Mahmoud Saleh, 2000.
                             Title of Thesis : “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Organic Azides with 1,4-Benzoquinones”.
                   12.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Abdel-Aziz M. Abu-Yamine, 2000.
                             Title of Thesis  :  “Synthesis and Properties of Novel Aromatic
                             Polyamides Containing 1,2,3-Triazole Ring Structeres”.      
                   13.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Mahmoud Mousa Al-Dahoun, 2001.
                             Title of Thesis : “Study and Preparation of Phthalamide Derivatives from o-phthalaldehydic Acid”.
                   14.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Nuha A.AbNaaj, 2002.
                           Title of Thesis  :  “Synthesis and Study of some 1,2,3-Triazolo-1,2,4- Triazole Derivatives. (1,3-Dipolar                             Cycloaddition Reactions)”.
                   15    .MSc.in Chemistry by Ms.Sanaa Shraiteh,2004.
                       Title of Thesis: “Preparation of Some Derivatives of New 1,2,3-triazole
                         Via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction”, At Albath University, Homs  (Syria).
                    16.    Ph.D in Chemistry by Mr.Hatem Magamous,2005.
                       Title of Thesis  :  “Condensation of Amino Five Membered Rings  Heteroaromatic Compounds with Glyoxal                        and Formaldehyde” at Tashreen University-Latikai (Syria).

         
b.       Membership On Examining Committees for Graduate Studies:


          1.       M.Sc. in Civil Engineering  by Mr. Daher Al-Rashdan, 1985.
                   Title of Thesis: “Effects of Dust Collector fines and Portland Cement   on Properties of Binder and Asphalt                    Concrete “, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          2.       M.Sc. in Civil Engineering by Mr. Said M. Tanash, 1985.
                   Title of Thesis: “ Bituminous Mix Desig Using Local Fly Ash   Additives”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          3.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Hamed S. Khalil 1986.
                   Title of Thesis: “Determination of Diphenoxoylate Hydrochloride and    Atropine Sulfate in Tablet Formulations                    by Reverse phase High   Performance Liquid Chromatography”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          4.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Jamil Ibrahim Al-Moustafa, 1986.
                   Title of Thesis: “Complexes iof some Crown Ethers with
                   Transition Metal Salts”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          5.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Harbi Al-Masri, 1993.
                   Title Thesis: “Synthesis and Characterization of Organoruthenium   Chalcogen Complexes”, Yarmouk                    University ( Jordan).
          6.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Fathi Abu-Nimereh, 1993.
                   Title of Thesis: “Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadienyl
                   Iron Selenocarboxylate Complexes “,Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          7.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Juhaina T. Omar, 1996.
                   Title of Thesis: “Reactions of Complexed Acid Chlorides of  Organoiron Thio-and Seleno-Carboxylate                    Derivatives”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          8.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Adeeb Khalid Al-Sheik, 1996.
                   Title of Thesis “Synthesis and Characterization of Organoiron
                   Chalcogen Complexes”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          9.       M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Rufaida H. Subaihi, 1996.
                   Title of Thesis “Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of
                   Tri-1,3,4- Oxadiazoles”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          10.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Eman A. Ta’an, 1997.
                   Title of Thesis :  “Preparation and Cyclization of Diacylhydrazides
                   of Substituted 1,2,3- Triazoles”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).             
          11.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Emad Hussein Abd-Alhadi, 1998.
                   Title of Thesis : “ Organic Transformation Reactions of Organoiron Thio-Terephthaloyl Chloride Complex”,                    Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          12.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Mazen Rashed Al-Gralleh, 1999.
                   Title of Thesis : “Synthesis and Properties of New Poly (Amide-Imide)
                   Copolymer Containing Alpha Amino Acid and Side Chain Liquid
                   Crystalline Mesogenic” at Mu’tah University (Jordan).
          13.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Ibrahim A. Muhidat, 2000.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “Synthesis, Reactions and Spectroscopic Properties
                   of Bis-(4-Substituted-5-Alkylthio 1,2,4-Triazolo-3-YL) Benzenes”,  Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
          14.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Sana’ Ibrahim Abu-Eid, 2000.
                   Title of Thesis : “Diphenyl-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine : Reaction with a-Alkyl Carbonyl Compounds” at University of                    Jordan (Amman).
          15.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Qutaiba S. Abu-Salem, 2000.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes Containing
                   tert-Butylcyclpentadienyl Ligand” at    Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan).
          16.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Mohammad A. H. Al-Zoubi, 2000.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “Synthesis of New O-Alkylisourea and its Isouronium Salts as Mild alkylating Agent.                    Nucleophilic Substitution of Glycosylisourea” at Al-al-Bayt University (Jordan).
           17.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Hisham M. I. Barakat, 2001.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “Preparation of Organoiron Sulfur Complexes with Bisphosphine Ligands :                                       CpFe(CO)(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)SCOR and CpFe(Ph2Fe(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)SCOR” at Jordan University of                    Science and Technology (Jordan).
            18.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Ms. Rabia T. M. Taha, 2001.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “A Study in the Synthesis and Reactions of 3-(Amino-Aryl) Phthalide from O-                                      Phthalaldehydic Acid” at Yarmouk University (Jordan).
           19.    Ph.D. in Chemistry by Mrs. Amal M. F. Al-Aboudi, 2001.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater using Phragmites Australis; Voltammetric Study of                    he Interaction between Heavy Metals and the Chemical Constituents of Phragmites Australis” at University of                    Jordan (Jordan).
           20.       M.Sc. in Educational Chemistry by Mr. Ahmad Y. I. Malkawi, 2002.
                   Title of Thesis:  “The effect of Using the Learning Cycle Method on the Achievement of Basic Eighth Grade                    Students in the Atom Electronic Structure”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
            21.    M.Sc. in Educational Chemistry by Mr. Qais Momani, 2002.
                   Title of Thesis  :  “The Influence of An Educational Computerized Program on the Acquisition and Retention                    of Chemical Concepts for the Tenth Graders”, Yarmouk University ( Jordan).
            22.   M.Sc. in Chemestry by Mr. Akef I. AL-Hmaideen, 2003.
                   Title of Thesis: “Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear metal carbonyl complexes Triply-Bridged by                    BIS(Diphenylphosphino) Alkanes” at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan).
            23.   M.Sc in Chemistry by Mr. Younis N. Hama Bagi, 2003.
                   Tilte of Thesis: “Chemical Constituents of Flora of Jordan-Part XV1. Chemical Constituents of Paronychia                    Argentea”, at University of Jordan (Jordan).
            24.    Ph.D in chemistry by Mr. Mohammed Al-Anber, 2003.
                   Title of Thesis: “Organic and/or Inorganic π-Conjugated units in the Synthesis of Multinuclear complexes”, at                    Chemnitz Technical University (Germany).
            25.    M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Raad Sadqi: Khalil, 2004
                   Title of Thesis “ New  Derivatives of Quinaxaline –1,4- Dioxide” Al-al- Bayt University (Jordan).
             26.     M.Sc. in Chemistry by Mr. Tariq Mahmoud Abu Salem, 2004, Title of thesis “Synthesis and                                       characterization of Tungsten Tricarbonyl Selenocarboxylate and selenosulfonate Complexes” at Jordan                    University of Science and Technology (Jordan).

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Grants and Contracts

:
     1.  Research Grant from Yarmouk University , 1983.
          Title” Synthesis and Biological Studies of Arsabenzene Analogue of Phenylalanine “.
     2.  Research Grant from Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdients (DAAD)
          Universtiy of Bielefeld, Germany
          Title:”Synthesis and Study of Some Carboranes”.
     3.  Research Grant from Yarmouk University, 1985, Grant # 07/85
          Title: “Investigation of the Cyclopropyl Conjugation among some Heterospiro      Compounds”.
     4.  Research Grant from Yarmouk University, 1986-1998 Grant Numbers:
          64/86, 22/87, 5/88 and 7/88. Title: The Preparation and study of some Isoxazoles, azide and triazole compounds.
     5.  Research Grant from Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
          (DAAD), 1986. University of Bayreuth, Germany. Title: “Synthesis and Study of Tin      and Boron compounds”.
      6. Research Grant from the European Economic Community, 1987.
          Title:“Synthesis and Study of Platinum Compounds” .
      7. Research Grant from Bahrain University , 1989.
          Title: Preparation of Isoxazoles and Isoxazoline Compounds via 1,3-Dipolar        Cycloaddition Reactions.

      8. Research Grant from Yarmouk University 1994. Grant # 63/94.
          Title “Synthesis and Study of Triazoles and Isoxazoles via 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition        Reactions”.
     9.  Research Grant from Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
          (DAAD), 1995, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
          Title: “Synthesis and Study of Some Zirconnenes”.
     10. Research Grant from Yarmouk University 1999, Grant # 15/99.
          Title : “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted  Benzyl Azides with       Benzoquinone Derivatives.
     11.Research Grant from Yarmouk University 2001, Grant # 7/2001.
     Title : “Reactions of Organic Azides with Naphthoquinone and its Derivatives”.

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Honours and Awards


1.       Scholarship from Ministry of Education toward B.Sc. in Chemistry (1969-1973)
2.       Scholarship from Yarmouk University toward Ph.D. in Chemistry (1977-1981).
3.       Fellowship Award From the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdients  (DAAD), 1984.
Title: "Synthesis and Study of some Carborane  Compounds".
4.       Symposium Fellow of the Eighth International Symposium on Organosilicon  Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. 1987 .
5.       Fellowship Award from the European Economic Community, 1987.
Title: "Syntheses and study of platinum compounds".
6.       Fellowship Award from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst 1987.
Title: "Syntheses and study of Tin and Boron Compounds".
7.       Shumman Prize for Young Arab Scientists (Basic Science), 1989.
8.       I was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt fellowship in 1989 , but I could not use it .
9.       Fellowship Award from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst,  1995.
10. Western Michigan University Distinguished Alumina Achievement Award (Kalamazoo, U.S.A), 2004.
11. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Award, Annual meeting, Washington, D.C February 17-21,2005.

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Committees

          a.       University  :

  1. Tafila Technical University Council 2005- Now
  2. Tafila Technical University Deans Council 2005- Now
  3. Irbid National University Council 2002-2005.
  4. Irbid National University Deans Council 2002-2005.
  5. Irbid National University–Promotion and Hiring Committee 2002-2005.
  6. Board of Trustees of Private Irbid University 1999-2005.
  7. Yarmouk University Council 1985/1986 & 1998/1999 & 2001-2002.
  8. Yarmouk University Deans Council 2001 – 2002.
  9. Jordan University of Science and Technology Council 2003-2004.
  10. Seminars and colloquium Committee 1985/1986.
  11. The Committee for Establishing Yarmouk University Club 1985/1986.
  12. The Tenth Anniversary for Establishing Yarmouk University.

    Committee 1985/1986.

  13. The Student Affairs Committee 1985/1986 & 2001-2002.
  14. Councilor for the Chemistry Student Association 1986/1987.
  15. Yarmouk University Club Committee 1986/1987.
  16. Environmental Committee 1987/1989.
  17. Councilor for the International Student's Club 1987/1989.
  18. University Council / Jarash University (a private University)         1993/1994.
  19. The Committee for the in need students at Yarmouk University   1994-2002.            
  20. ** Adhoc Committees for Promotion to the rank of Associate Professors and Professors, 1997-1998.   

          b.       Faculty :
                   1.       Faculty of Science Council         1987/1988 & 1998-2001
                   2.       Advisory Committee                1987/1988 & 1998-2001
                   3.       Graduate Studies Committee     1987/1988 & 1998-2001
                   4.       Arabization Committee             1987/1988
                   5.       Research Committee               1998-2001
          c.       Department  :
                   1.       The Advisory Committee                  1982/1983 , 1986/1987
                                                                              & 1994/1995 & 1998-2001
                   2.       The Colloquium Committee               1983/1984 & 1993/1994
                                                                             & 1998-Present
                   3.       The Library Committee                  1983/1984
                   4.       The Graduate Studies Committee    1984/1985 & 1998-2001
                   5.       The Council Secretary                    1984/1985
                   6.       The Tender Committee                 1985/1986 & 1998-2001
                   7.       The Seminars and Colloquium            1985/1986
                   8.       The Laboratories & Safety                1987/1988 & 1998-2001
                              Committee                                
                   9.       The Social Committee          1985/1996
                                                                             1987/1998
                                                                             1993/1994
                                                                             1994/1995
                                                                             1995/1996 & 1998-2001

                   10.*    The Committee for the International 1988/1989 & 1989/1990
                             Conferences, Seminars and                  
                             Workshops
                   11.*    The Graduate Studies Committee    1989/1990

                   12.**  Research Committee                     1990/1991 & 1991/1992

                   13.**  Seminar Committee                      1992/1993 , 1996/1997 and
                             and Seminar Coordinator                1997/1998

                   14.** Graduate Advising Committee         1996/ ‏‏ 1997 

                   15.**  Information Committee                  1996/1997  
                                                                             1997/1998  
                   *        At Bahrain University
                   **      At King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

          d.       National and International :

  1.    The Committee for Establishing a Dictionary for General   Chemistry Terms in the Arab World.
  2. The Committee for the Jordanian Academy of Arabic for the   Scientific and Technical Terms. 1986/1987.
  3. The Organizing Committee for the Eighth Arabian Chemical     Conference. Amman (Jordan), June 1988.
  4. The Professional Exam Committee for Community Colleges-Jordan       1984 , 1986 and 1988 .
  5. Supervising Committee for writing Chemistry text books/high schools  Level-Ministry of Education 1993-Present
  6. Evaluation Committee for the Private Universities , Ministry of Higher Education , Amman 1994, 1999-2002.
  7. Chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Second International Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Irbid    (Jordan), 17 - 21  April 2000.
  8. International Advisory Board on the First Eurasian Conference of Heterocycles in Organic and Combinatorial Chemistry, Suzdal (Russia), September 16-19, 2000.
  9. International Advisory Board on the First Arab Conference on Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), February 17-18, 2001.
  10. International Organizing Committee on the International Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jaipur (India), December 15-18, 2001.
  11. Sports Federation of Jordanian Universities 2001-2003.
  12. The Higher Committee for Scientific Research-Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, 2001-Present.
  13. International Advisory Board on the Second Arab Conference on Systemic Approach on Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), February 10-11, 2002.
  14. International Advisory Board on the 8th Ibn Sina International   Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry. Luxor (Egypt) 16-18 February    2002.
  15.    Chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Third Jordanian   International Conference of Chemistry, Irbid (Jordan),
    22-26 April, 2002.
  16. International Advisory Board  on the Ninth Blue Danube Symposium on Heterocyclic Chem., Tatranska Lomnica (Slovak Republic), June 16-19, 2002
  17. International Advisory Board on the Second Eurasian Conference   of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Novgorod (Russia), September 14-17, 2002
  18. International Advisory Board on the third Arab conference on Systemic Approach Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University, (Egypt), April 5-6,2003.
  19. Scientific Committee on the First French – Syrian Meeting on chemistry Homs (Syria), November 29th December 3rd, 2003.
  20. Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 12th Arabian Chemistry Conference and the 5th Jordanian Chemistry Conference, Amman (Jordan), October 21-24,2003.
  21. International Advisory Board on the Fourth Arab Conference on Systemic Approach Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), April 3-4, 2004.
  22. International Advisory Board on the Third Eurasian Conference of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Moscow (Russia), September 12-17,2004.
  23. International Advisory Board on the 9th Ibn Sina International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry Sharm El-Sheikh (Egypt), 11-14 December, 2004.   
  24. International Advisory Board on the Fifth Arab Confaence on Systemic Approach of Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), April 16-17, 2005.
  25. Member of the Executive council of the federation of universities of the islamic world 2003- present date.
  26. Member of the Executive Council of the International Union of Universities 2003-Present.

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Community Services


          1.       Lecturer at the Chemistry Symposium for the High School teachers in Irbid
                   Province, Irbid-Jordan 10-22 August 1985.

          2.       Parents Council at the University School , Yarmouk University 1994/1995 .

          3.       The Professional Exam Committee for Community Colleges-Jordan
                   1984 , 1986 and 1988.

          4.       Parents Council at the University school, Yarmouk University, 1993/1994.

          5.       The Administrative Committee for the Cooperative consuming Society at
                   Yarmouk University 1994-1996 & 1999/2000.

          6.       Lecturer at the Chemistry Workshop for the High School Supervisors and
                   Teachers in the Northern Provinces, Yarmouk University, January 24th -
                   February 7th 1999.

 

Jordanian Engineers Association Membership № 4159/03.

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Membership in Scientific and Professional Societies

  1. President of the Jordanian Chemical Society 2001-Present.
  2. President of the Arab Union of Chemists October 2003-Present.
  3. Member of the American Chemical Society , since 1976 .
  4. Member of the Jordanian Chemical Society since 1982 .
  5. Vice President of the Jordanian Chemical Society for 1983-1986.
  6. Member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry   Since 1986.
  7. Member of the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry      Since 1989.
  8. The Saudi Arabian International Chemical Sciences Chapter American    Chemical Society (SAICS – ACS) since 1990.
  9. Board of Directors of SAICS-ACS 1997-1999.
  10.   Member of the Jordanian Alumni Society Graduates of U.S. Universities. 
  11. Society of Friends of Scientific Research at Public Universities in Jordan.

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Professional and Scientific Meetings

          1.       American Chemical Society, Silicon Symposium, Ann Arbor, MI,      U.S.A. March 1979.
          2.       American Chemical Society, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A. June 1982.         
          3.       Science Faculties Conference, Chemistry Division, Amman, Jordan,    October 1982.
          4.       Environmental Chemistry Seminar, Arab Chemical Research Program,  
University of Jordan, Amman, 17-19 January 1983.
          5.       Fertilizer Industry Seminar, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, 21-22 October 1984.
          6.       The Fifth Arabization Conference for Science Arabization, The Jordan  Academy of Arabic,
Amman, 21-25 September 1985.
          7.       The Second Symposium of Chemistry and Society, Jordan Chemical Society, Amman, 8-9 January 1986.
          8.       The Fifteenth IUPAC International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural   Products. The Haque, The Netherlands, 17-22 August 1986.
          9.       The Metrology Symposium, Arab Organization for Standardization and   Metrology, University of Jordan, Amman, 24-26 November 1986.
          10.     The Third symposium of Chemistry and Society, Jordan Chemical Society,  Amman, 10-11 January 1987.
          11.     Symposium for Scientific Symbols, The Union Academy of Arabic, Amman      27-29 January 1987.
          12.     Eighth International Symposium on Organosilicon Chemistry, St. Louis, U.S.A. 7-12 June, 1987 .
          13.     Eleventh International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Heidelberg, West Germany 16-21 August 1987.
          14.     The Third Chemical Congress of North America, Toronto, Canada, 5-  10 June 1988.          
          15.     The Eighth Arab Chemical conference, Amman, Jordan, 20-23 June 1988.
          16.     The Fifteenth Iraqi Chemical Conference, Basrah, Iraq, 3-7 February 1990.
          17.     Workshop on "Recent Advances in Liquid and Ion Chromatography"  organized by "Wester Resources and Environment Division in Coordination    with IDCO and Waters Division of Millipore" Research Institute, King Fahd  Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia), 23-24 October 1991.
          18.     Joint Saudi-Japanese Workshop on "Petroleum Refining and Gas Conversion"  Research Institute, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran   (Saudi Arabia), 26-27 May 1992.
          19.     The First International Conference On Chemistry in Industry, Bahrain,   14-16 November 1992.
          20.     Saudi-French Seminar on "Oil and Gas Technology" Research Institute.   King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia),    6-7 December 1992.
          21.     Second Saudi-Japanese Workshop on "Petroleum Refining and Petro- chemical Processes" Research Institute, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and   Minerals, Dhahran, (Saudi Arabia), 12-13 Dec. 1992.
          22.     Workshop on Thermoplastics Beyond the Year 2000. Research Institute,   King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia),    4-5 April 1993.
          23.     Fourteenth International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Antwerp,      Belgium, 1-6 August  1993.
          24.     Fifteenth International Congress of  Heterocyclic Chemistry, Taipei, Tiawan, 6 - 11 August 1995.       
          25.     Hong Kong International Symposium on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Hong Kong,   13-16 August 1995.
          26.     Thirty Fifth Science Week , Lattakia, Syria, 4-9 November 1995.
          27.     The Third International Conference on Chemistry in Industry, Bahrain,  18-20 November, 1996 .
          28.     Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering Workshop, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)   11-12 May, 1997 .
          29.     Seventh Annual Symposium-Catalysts in Petroleum Refining and  Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals,   Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)30 Nov. –2 Dec., 1997.
          30.     Second European-Mediteranean Conference on Application of    Photobiology and Laser Technologies in Medicine and Environment.   Cairo (Egypt) 13-16 February, 1998 .
          31.     7th Ibn Sina International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic   Chemistry , Alexandaria University (EGYPT) ,  25-28  March 2000 .
          32.     2nd International Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Yarmouk University (JORDAN)
17-21, April 2000 .
33.     The First Scientific Conference/Third Scientific Day, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Jordan University of Science and
Technology (Jordan), 23 May 2000.
          34.     First Eurasian Conference of Heterocyclic in Organic and Combinatorial Chemistry, Suzdal (Russia) 16-19 September 2000.
        35. 40th Science Week, Lattakia (Syria), 4-9 November 2000.
       36. The First Arab Conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning Ain Shams University (Egypt), February 17-18, 2001.
       37.     The Second Scientific Conference/Fourth Scientific Day, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan). 15th April, 2001.
      38.     The First Scientific Day, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-al Bayt University (Jordan) 8th May, 2001.
      39. The First Arab Chemistry Conference, Applied Science University (Amman- Jordan) 31st October – 2nd November 2001.
       40. International Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jaipur (India), December 15-18, 2001
       41.The second Arab Conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), February 10-11, 2003.
      43. The Third Jordanian International Conference of Chemistry, Yarmouk University, (Jordan), April 22-26,  2002.
      44. Silver Jubilee Conference, Bangladesh chemical Society, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka (Bangladesh), January, 11-13, 2003.
      45. The Third Arab conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), April 5-6, 2003.
      46. The fifth Portuguese organic chemistry conference, University of Aveiro, Portugal, 1st – 4th July, 2003.
      47. The 12th Arab Chemistry Conference and the 5th Jordanian Chemistry Conference, Amman (Jordan), October 21-24, 2003.
      48. The First Syrian-French Chemistry Symposium, Homs(Syria), 29th November-3rd December 2003.
      49. Frontiers of Chemical Science: “Research and Education in the Middle East”, Malta, December 6-11 (2003).
      50. The Fourth Arab Conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), April , 2004.
      51. The Second Arab Chemistry Conference, Applied Science University, Amman April 21st-23rd (2004).
      52. 9th Ibn Sina International Conference On Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry,  Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, December 11-14 (2004).
     53.American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual meeting,  Washington D.C., USA February 17-21,2005.
      54.The Fifth Arab Conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University ( Egypt ), April 16-17 (2005).

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Abstracts Submitted at Scientific Meetings

  1.   R.E. Harmon and S.T. Abu-Orabi , " The Synthesis and Structure     Elucidation of 5,7-Polymethylene Bridged 1-Alkyl-6-Cycloheptatriazolones " ,   175 th American Chemical Society , National Meeting , Anaheim , California ,   U.S.A. March 1979 . Abstract. ORGN 66 .
  2.   S.T. Abu-Orabi , and A.J. Ashe , III , Diels-Alder Reaction of Arsabenzene",  The 13 th Iraqi Chemical Conference, Iraqi Chemical Society, Arbil , Iraq ,  21-26 March 1986 . Abstract ORGN 13 .
  3.   Abdelrahim A. Hunaiti , Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Mohammed A.A. Sarhan and Wajih M. Owais , " Interaction of Organic Azides with Purified Camel  Glutathione S-Transferases " , Society for Free Radical " Third Biennial meeting , An International Meeting on Free Radicals in Chemistry Biology and Medicine ", University of Dusseldorf, West Germany 20-23 July 1986 .      Abstract 69 .
  4.   Sultan T. Abu-Orabi " Preparation of Phenylene bis (methylene) bis  (triazole-4,5-dicarboxaldehyde tetraethyl acetals) " , Fifteenth IUPAC  Interational Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products , The Haque ,  The Netherlands , 17-22 August 1986 . Abstract PA 148 .
  5.   Mustafa A. Abuirijeie , Abdelrahim A. Hunaiti and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi ,  " Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties of Irradiated Oxytetracycline- HCl " . 192 nd American Chemical Society , National Meeting , Anaheim , California , U.S.A. , 7-12 September 1986 Abstract MEDI 112 .
  6.     A.A. Hunaiti and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , The Synthesis of some Organic Azides and their Effects on Purified Camel   Glutathione S-Transferases " . 192nd American Chemical   Society, National Meeting < Anaheim , California ,U.S.A. 7-12      September 1986 Abstract ORGN 274 .
  7.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Application of Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction  Toward the synthesis of Polyfunctionality Heterocycles " , 192 nd  American Chemical Society , National Meeting , Anaheim , California ,   U.S.A. 7-12 September 1986 Abstract ORGN 283 .
  8.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Synthesis and Chemical Transformation of the Bromo-Substituted Arsabenzenes " , First International Symposium on the  Chemistry and Applications of Bromine Compounds , University of Salford , England 18-19 September 1986 .
  9.   Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, " Reaction of 1-Benzyl-1-H-Triazole-   4,5-Dicarboxalate with cyclic ketones " , XII th European     Colloquim on Heterocyclic Chemistry ,University of Reims , France September 29 October-1st November 1986 . Abstract P4
  10.   Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Preparation of Polymethylene Bridged  Triazoletropone " Fourth Scientific Conference for the Scientific Research  Council , Baghdad , Iraq , 23-28 October 1986 , Vol. 2 Part 2 pp. 425-430 .
  11.   Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nawash M. Al-Ghezawi , " 1,3-Dipolar  Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides with cis-and trans-Ethylenes Substituted "  193 rd American Chemical Society , National Meeting , Denver , Colarado , U.S.A. 5-10 April 1987 . Abstract ORGN 6 .
  12.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Peter Jutzi " Synthesis , Structure and Fluxional Behaviour of Di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl compounds of Group IV Elements "  Eighth International Symposoim on Organosilicon Chemistry , St. Louis , Missouri , U.S.A. , 7-12 June 1987 . Abstract A 30 .
  13.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Fakri Marii , " Reaction of Diemethyl-and Diethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Bis(azidomethyl)benzene " , 11 th International  Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry , Heidelberg , W. Germany , 16-21 August 1987 . Abstract P3.35 .
  14.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 2,4,6-  Trimethoxybenzonitrile oxide with Disubstituted Acetylenes ". Asian Chemical Congress , 87 Seoul , Seoul South Korea June 29-July 3 rd 1987 .
  15.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Ibrahim Jibril , Reham Obiedat and Lina Hatamleh , Cycloaddition Reactions of 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzonitrile oxide with   Disubstituted Acetylenes and Ethylenes . Third Chemical Congress of North
    America , Toronto , Canada , 5-10 June 1988 . Abstract ORGN 248 .
  16.     Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Fakhri M. Marii , " 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides with Disubstituted Acetylenes " . Eighth Arab Chemical  Conference , Amman , Jordan , 20-23 June 1988 , Abstract P. 31 .
  17.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , M. Adnan Atfah and Fakhri Marii , " Azides and their  Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions " , 197 th American Chemical Society , National Meeting , Dallas , Texas , U.S.A. 9-14 April 1989 . Abstract  ORGN 269 .  
  18.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, "Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Bis   (azidomethyl)benzenes with some Acetylenic Compounds", The 15th  Iraqi Chemical Conference, Basrah, Iraq, 3-7 february 1990. Abstract  11-18.
  19.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi "The Effect of the solvent on 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Di-tert-Butyl   Acetylene dicarboxylate". The First International Conference on Chemistry  in Industry. Bahrain, 14-16 November 1992 . Abstract p. W06.
  20.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Salhi Jabarah" 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition   Reaction of Aryl Azides with Substituted Ethylenic and Acetylenic   Compounds", 14th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry,  Antwerp, Belgium, 1-6 August 1993. Abstract Op-SY-18.
  21.   Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Loai Al-Momany "Synthesis and Reactions of  Isoxazole and Isoxazoline Derivatives Via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition  Reactions of Aromatic Nitrile Oxides and Their Reactions with Hydrazine"  15th International congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Taipei, Tiawan,    6-11 August, 1995 . Abstract OP-1a-16.
  22.      Sultan T. Abu-Oraib, Ibrahim Jibril, Amer Al-Sheikh Ali, Sulhi Shahateet,  Khaled Abu-Shandy and M. Adnan Aftah "13-Dipolar Cycloadditions of   Substituted Benzyl Azides with Dibenzoylacetylene and trans- Dibenzoylethylene. Thirty Fifth Science Week, Lattaki, Syria, 4-9   November 1995. P.N. 42.
  23.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, Ibrahim Jibril and Loay Al-Momany “Syntheses of Isoxazole and 2-Isoxazoline Derivatives and their Reactions with Hydrazine. Third International Conference on Chemistry in Industry,  Bahrain, 18-20 November 1996. Abstract 0-1.
  24.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Photophsics and Photochemistry”, Second European-Mediterranean Conference on Application of Photobiology and  LaserTechnologies in Medicine and Environment. Cairo (Egypt), 13-16 February, 1998. Chairing Session No. 4
  25.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Khaled H. Abu-Shandi “ Synthesis and  Reactions of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives Via 1,3-Dipolar  Cycloaddition Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Azides and Their  Reactions With Hydrazine . 7th Ibn Sina International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry. Alexandria  (Egypt) 25-28 March 2000 . Abstract 0-8 . 
  26.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Raad Al-Hamdany, Adnan Atfeh, and Khaled Abu- Shandi  “Facile and Convenient Synthesis of Triazolopyridazine Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Organic Azides. 2nd International  Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry. Yarmouk     University (JORDAN) 17-21 April 2000 . Abstract SL-19 .            
  27.       Fayez El Khatib, Sabri Mahmoud, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Max Koenig   “The Substituent Effect on the Ozonation Reaction of Iminophosphoranes”.   2nd International Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry Yarmouk University (JORDAN) 17-21 April 2000. Abstract SL-53.
  28.   Abdal-Aziz. M. Abuyamin, Hassan. A. Al-Salah and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi    “Synthesis and Properties of Novel Aromtic Polyamides Containing 1,2,3-   Triazol Ring Structure”. 2nd International Conference of Pure, Applied and   Environmental Chemistry Yarmouk University (JORDAN) 17-21     April    2000. Abstract PS-21 .
  29.      Shawqi Al-Majdalawi, Mahmoud Al-Talib, Hasan Tashtoush, and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi “Synthesis of 4,5-Bis-[5-Aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yL]-1-   Substituted Benzyl-1,2,3-Triazoles” 2nd International Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry Yarmouk University (JORDAN) 17-21     April 2000. Abstract PS-28 .
  30.      Eman Ta’an, Hasan Tashtoush, Mahmoud Al-Talib and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi   “Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 2-[1-Benzyl-1,2,3-Triazolo-4]-5-   Aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles” 2nd International Conference of Pure, Applied and Environmental Chemistry Yarmouk University (JORDAN) 17-21 April   2000. Abstract PS-29 .
  31.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Azides and   their Reactions with Hydrazine” , The First Conference/Third Science Day,   Faculty of Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan)    23 May 2000.
  32.     Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives  via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Azides and  their Reactions with Hydrazine”, 1st Eurasian Conference of Heterocyclic in Organic and Combinatorial Chemistry, Suzdal (Russia) 16-19 September   2000.
  33.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Synthesis of Substituted Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazolo [4,5-d] Pyridazidine-4,7-Diones”, 40th Science Week, Lattakia (Syria),  4-9 November 2000.
  34. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “The Inhibition Factors of Scientific Research in the Arab Countries”, The First Arab Conference on the Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning, Ain Shams University (Egypt), February 17-18th, 2001. Abstract # 8.
  35. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole and Isoxazole Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction”, The Second Scientific Conference-Fourth Scientific Day, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan), April 15th, 2001, Abstract #9.
  36. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, R. I. Al-Hamdany and M. M. Saleh, “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Benzoquinones”, The First Scientific Day, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-al Bayt University (Jordan), 8th May 2001, Abstract # 15.
  37. Raad Al-Hamdany, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and M. Al-Dhon, “Uses of Methyl-o-Formylbenzoate as a Synthone in the Synthesis of Phthalimidine Derivatives”, The First Arab Chemistry Conference, Applied Science University, (Jordan), October 31 – November 2, 2001, Abstract # Orl 15.
  38. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, Raad Al-Hamdany and Maysaa M. Saleh, “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Benzoquinones”, The First Arab Chemistry Conference, Applied Science University (Jordan), October 31-November 2, 2001, Abstract # Orl 16.
  39. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds”, International Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jaipur (Inida), December 15-18, 2001. Abstract # PL-11.
  40. Stanislaw Ostrowski, Natalia Petuh, Agnieszka Mikus and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in 5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-10, 15, 20-Triphenylporphyrin”, International Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jaipur (India), December 15-18, 2001. Abstract # OL-2.
  41. Beata Lopuszynska, Stanislaw Ostrowski and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Selective Nitration of mes-Tetraaryl-Porphyrins in Two Neighbouring Aromatic Rings”, International Conference on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Jaipur (India), December 15-18, 2001. Abstract # PS-98.
  42. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Chemistry”, The Third Jordanian International Conference of Chemistry, Irbid (Jordan). April 22-26, 2002.
    Abstract # OL-58.
  43. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis of 3-[Substituted Benzyl-1,2,3-Triazolo-4]-5-alkyl thio-4-phenyl-1,2,4-Triazoles via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Substituted Benzyl Azides”, The Third Jordanian International Conference of Chemistry, Irbid (Jordan), April 22-26, 2002, Abstract # PO-88.
  44. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions in The Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds”, Silver Jubilee Conference,   Bangladesh chemical Society, Dhaka (Bangladesh), January 11-13, 2003,   Abstract # IL.3.11
  45. Sultan T.Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis and characterization  of new substituted 1,2,3-Triazole 1,3,4- Oxadiazoles”. The fifth Portuguese Organic chemistry conference, Aveiro (Portugal), 1st – 4th July, 2003, Abstract # PL4.
  46. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis of 1-Substituted Benzyl-1,2,3-Triazolo-4-Phenyl –5- Alkylthio –1,2,4-Triazoles”. The 12th Arab Chemistry Conference and the 5th Jordanian Chemistry Conference, Amman (Jordan), October 21-24 (2003), Abstract Orl 39.
  47. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis of 3-[1-Substituted Benzyl –1,2,3-Triazole-4]-5-Alkylthio-4-Phenyl-1,2,4-Triazoles”, The First Syrian French Chemistry Symposium, Homs(Syria), November 29th December 3rd 2003, Abstract #18.
  48. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of five-membered ring Heterocyclic Compounds”, Frontiers of Chemical Science: Research and Education in the Middle East, Malta, December 6-11(2003). Abstract # 8.
  49. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Five-membered Rring Heterocyclic Compounds” The Second Arab Chemistry Conference, Amman, April 21-23 (2004). Abstract #Pl.2.
  50. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj “Synthesis of 3-[1-Substituted Benzyl –1,2,4-Triazoles” The Second Arab Chemistry Conference, Amman, April 21-23 (2004). Abstract #Pos.2.
  51. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis and Characterization of  New Substituted 1,2,3-Triazolo-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles” The Second Arab Chemistry Conference, Amman, April 21-23 (2004). Abstract #Pos.3.
  52. Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nuha A. Abu-Naaj, “Synthesis of 3- ] 1-Substituted benzyl-1,2,3-Triazolo-4 [ -5-Alkylthio-4-Phenyl-1,2,4-Triazoles” 9th Ibn Sina International Conference On Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry,  Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, December 11-14 (2004).Abstract #Pos  OA-2.

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Lectures

  1.   Lecture at Yarmouk University (Jordan) , entitled " The preparation of 4- Substituted Arsabenzenes " 24 th November 1982 .  
  2.   Lecture at the University of Jordan (Jordan) , entitled " Preparation of Derivatives of Arsabenzenes " 26 the February 1983 . 
  3. Lecture at Universitat of Beilefeild-Germany entitled " Preparation of     Arsabenzene and Derivatives " 6 th July , 1984 .
  4. Lecture at Salford University England - Fluxional Behaviour of main group  elements " , 12 th July , 1987 . 
  5. Lecture at Yarmouk University (Jordan) entitled " Fluxional Behavior of Main   Group Elemtns " 18 th October , 1987   
  6. Lecture at the University of Jordan (Jordan) , entitled " Synthesis , Structure    and Fluxional Behavior of di-t-butyl cyclopentadienyl Compounds of Groups       IV and V Elements 12 th February , 1988 .  
  7. Lecture at Yarmouk University (Jordan) , entitled " Environment and     Pollution " 9 th October , 1988 .
  8. Lecture at Yarmouk University (Jordan) , entitled " 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition    Reactions of Aromatic Azides with Acetylenic Compounds 22 nd December ,      1988 .   
  9. Lecture at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia) ,       entitled " 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides and Nitrile Oxides "    27 the November 1990 .  
  10. Lecture at King Fahd University of Peroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia) ,     entitled " Synthesis , Structure and Fluxional Behavior of di-t-   butylcyclopentadienyl Compounds of Groups IV and Elements , 24 th      November 1991 .        
  11. Lecture at the Saudi Arabian Interest Group of the American Chemical     Society - Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) , entitled " Synthesis , Structure and Fluxional Behavior of di-t-butyl Cyclopentadienyl Compounds of Groups IV     and V Elements " 19 th January , 1992 .
  12. Lecture at King Saud University - Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) , entitled " 1,3-   Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides and Nitrile Oxides " 12 the   May 1992 . 
  13. Lecture at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia)     entitled " Arsabenzene is Analogue to benzene " , 27th April 1993 .
  14. Lecture at Mu'tah University (Jordan) entitled " Synthesis and Reactions of    1,2,3-triazoles " 1st November 1994
  15. Lecture at AL  al-Bayt  University (Jordan ) entitled "1,3-Dipolar Cycladdition    Reactions of Organic Azied with Acetylenic Compounds - Synthesis of     1,2,3 - Triazole Compounds". 19th May 1996 .
  16. Lecture at Mu’tah University (Jordan) entitled “Synthesis and Reactions of     1,2,3-Triazole Compounds”, 1st November 1994.
  17. Lecture at Al-alBayt University (Jordan) entitled “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides “20th May 1995.
  18. Lecture at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi Arabia  Entitled “Synthesis of Triazoles and their Cyclization Reactions” 20th October 1996.
  19. Lecture at the Saudi Arabian International Chemical Sciences Chapter of  American Chemical Society (Bahrain) entitled Organic synthesis of five-  Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 13th  November, 1997 .
  20. Lecture at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Saudi  Arabia) entitled-Organic Synthesis of five-Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadition Reactions, 23rd  November, 1997
  21. Lecture at Al-Baath University (Syria) entitled, “Synthesis and Study of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives, 18th June, 2001.
  22. Lecture at Al-Baath University (Syria) entitled, “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Benzoquinones, 20th June, 2001.
  23. Lecture at Alexandria University (Egypt), entitled :Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cydoaddition Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic chemistry” April 7th, 2003.
  24. Lecture at Al-Hashemite University (Jordan) entitled “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Five-membered ring Heterocyclic Compounds”,December 18th, 2003.
  25. Lecture at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Jordan) entitled “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds, March 17th, 2004.
  26. Lecture at Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo, U.S.A) entitled “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Five-membered ring Heterocyclic Compounds”, November 15th, 2004.
  27. Lecture at Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo, U.S.A) entitled “Higher Education in Jordan ”,November 16th, 2004.
  28. Lecture at University of Michigan ( Ann Arbor, U.S.A), entitled “Utilization of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azides in the Synthesis of Five-membered ring Heterocyclic Compounds”,November 20th, 2004.

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List of Publications

          Articles Published  :

  1.   Arthur J. Ashe, III and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, " Preparation of 4-Subsituted  Arsabenzene", J. Org. Chem. 48, 767-770 (1983) . 
  2.    Arthur J. Ashe, III , Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, Odile Eisenstein and Harold F. Sanford, "6-Methyl-6-boraspiro [2-5] octa-4,7-diene, a Boron Analoque of the phenonium ion". J. Org. Chem. 48, 901-903 (1983)
  3.     Arthur J. Ashe, III, William Butler, Joel C. Colburn and   Sultan T. Abu-  Orabi "The Molecular and Crystal Structure of Pentacarbonyl (Phosphabenzene) Molybdenum (O)". J. Organomet. Chem. 282,  233-239 (1985).
  4.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Robert E. Harmon . " Reaction of Acetylene  Dicarboxaldehyde Bis (diethyl acetal) with Bis (azidomethyl) benzene " .     J. Chem. Eng. Data , 31 , 379-380 (1986) . 
  5.       Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Robert E. Harmon . "Synthesis of 1,1'-Dibenzyl-   5,5'-7,7'-bis (hexano) bis 6(H)-Cycloheptatriazolone . A Novel      Heterocyclic Ring System " . J. Chem. Eng. Data , 31 , 504-505 (1986) . 
  6.        Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Application of Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction     Toward the Synthesis of Polyfunctionality Heterocycles " . J. Chem. Eng.    Data , 31 , 505-506 (1986) .
  7.       Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " Preparation of Polymethylene Bridged    Triazoletropones " . Proceedings of the Fourth Scientific Conference of the     Scientific Research Council , October 1986 , Baghdad , Iraq. pp. 425-430 . 
  8.        Peter Jutzi , Peter Galow, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Atta M. Arif, Alan H. Cowley and Nicholas C. Norman, "Icosahedra with Slipped Vertices ". The  influence of Electron donation on the Geometry   of the Stannadicarbadodecarborane". Organometallics, 6, 1024-1031 (1987)
  9.       C. Bihlmayer , S. T. Abu-Orabi and B. Wrackmeyer " Organobroation of        Alkynylstannanes " . Stannacyclopentadienes via Organoboration of Diethynyldimethylstannane with B-Alkyl-9-Borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonanes ". J. Organomet. Chem. , 332 , 25-32 (1987).  
  10.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi . " Reaction of 1-Benzyl-1-H-Triazole-4,5-Dicarboxaldehyde with Cyclic Ketones ".
    J. Chem. Eng. Data , 32 , 130-131   (1987) . 
  11.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Peter Jutzi " Synthesis , Structure and the Fluxional Behavior of Di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl compounds of Group IV Elements " . J. Organomet . Chem. 329 , 169-177 (1987) . 
  12.    Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Nawash M. Al-Ghezawi " 1,3-      Dipolar cycloaddition of Nitrile oxides with Cis-and trans-ethylene sustituted " . J. Chem. Eng. Data , 32 , 383-384 (1987) .
  13.      Bernd Wrackmeyer and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , " E/Z-Isomerisierung Von    1-stannyl-2-boryl-1-alkane " , Chemische Berichte , 120 , 1603-1604 (1987) . 
  14.     T.S. Khedaywi , S. T. Abu-Orabi and Z.B. Al-Rashdan , " Effect of Limestone Dust Collector Fines of Properties on Asphalt Cement " , J. of Petroleum Research , 6 , 53-62 (1987) .  
  15.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Arthur J. Ashe , III , Dieles-Alder Reaction of   Arsabenzene " , J. Of Iraqi Chemical Society , 12 , 117-135 (1987) .   
  16.     Abdelrahim A. Hunaiti , Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Mohammed A.A. Sarhan and Wajih M. Owais, "Interaction of Organic Azides with Purified Camel Glutathione S-Transferases", Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology    39, 140-147 (1988)
  17.    B. Wrackmeyer , K. Wagner and S. T. Abu-Orabi , " Zur Reaction Einiger C-Funktionell Substituierter Alkinylstannae mit Triethylboran and B-Alkyl-9- borabicyclo [3.31]-nonanen", J. Organomet. Chem. 346, 333-340 (1988) .
  18.     Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Peter Jutzi " Synthesis , structure and Fluxional behaviour of Di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl compounds of Group 15 Elements " .   J. Organomet. Chem. , 347 , 307-311 (1988) .
  19.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Ibrahim Jibril , Reham Obiedat and Lina Hatamleh ,    " Reactions of 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzonitrile oxide with Disubstituted   Acetylenes " , J. Chem. Eng. Data , 33 , 540-541 (1988) .
  20.    Bernd Wrackmeyer , Gudrun Guldner and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi ,   " Organoboration of 3-(Trimethlstannyl)-2-Propynyl-1-Ethers " , Tetrahedron ,   45 , 1119-1130 (1989) . 
  21.      H.G. Alt , H.E. Engelhardt , R.D. Rogers and S. T. Abu-Orabi ,   " Photoinduzierte Umsetzungen der Complex (h6-C6H3R3)(CO)3Cr     (R = Me , Et) mit den Acetylenen C2R2' (R' = H , C3H7 , C(OEt)2H .    Die Molekulstruktur von (C6H3Me3)(CO)Cr(m-CO)[m-C2[C(OEt)2H]2] Cr(CO)4. J. Organomet. Chem. 378 , 33-43 (1989) .
  22.     Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , M. Adnan Aftah , Ibrahim Jibril , Fakri Marii and Amer Al-Sheikh Ali , " Dipolar cycloaddition Reactions of Organic Azides with some Acetylenic Compounds " , J. of Heterocyclic Chemistry , 26 , 1461-1468 (1989) .         
  23.      Mahmoud A. El-Hinnawi , Mohammad Y. El-Khateeb , Ibrahim Jibril  and Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Organometallic Sulfur Complexes IV . Synthesis and Characterization of mono-and di-tert-butyl Substituted  Cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl dimers and their  -thiocarboxylate derivatives , J. of Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 19, 809-826 (1989) .
  24.     M.M. Al-Abdullah and S.T. Abu-Orabi, "Protective Effect of some substituted Isoxazoles and Isoxazolines on the Dissolution of Iron inHydrochloric Acid", Korrosion 20, 315-321 (1989).
  25.      Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Arthur J. Ashe, III, "Synthesis of 4- Substituted Arsabenzenes" Journal of the University of Kuwait (Science), 16, 269-279 (1989).
  26.     T.S. Khedaywi and S.T. Abu-Orabi, "Effect of Oil Shale Ash, Rubber Ash, Husk Ash and Polyethylene on Properties of Asphalt Cement", J. of Petroleum Research 8, 193-206 (1989).
  27.      S. T. Abu-Orabi, A. Atfah, I.Jibril, F. Marii and A.A.-S. Ali"Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Organic Bis-Azides with some Acetylenic  Compounds", Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 121, 397-400 (1991).
  28.      M.M. Al-Abdullah and S.T. Abu-Orabi, Potentiostatic Polarization of iron in hydrochloric acid containing some substituted triazoles" Korrosion, 22 ,150-154 (1991) .
  29.      S. T. Abu-Orabi, A.Atfah, I.Jibril, A.A.-S. Ali and F. Marii "Effect of Solvent and Reaction Time on the Products of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of substituted Benzyl Azides with Di-tert-Butyl Acetylenedicarboxylate:, Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 122, 29-33 (1992).
  30.      I. Jibril, S. T. Abu-Orabi, S.A. Klaib, W. Imhof and G. Huttner, "Controlled Synthesis of (1,3-Bu2tC5H3)2 TiCl2 and (1,3- Bu2tC5H3)TiCl3. X-Ray Molecular Structure and Reactions of  (1,3-Bu2tC5H3)TiCl3. J. Organomet. Chem. 433, 253-259 (1992).
  31.    I. Jibril, S. T. Abu-Orabi, S.A. Kalib, L. Zsolnai and G. Huttner" Reactions of ring-Substituted titanocene dichlorides with thiocyanate ions. Synthesis of new S-bonded thiocyanato titanocene complexes and crystal structure   of (tBu - C5H4)2Ti(NCS)2. J. Organomet. Chem. 467,189-194 (1994).  
  32.    I. Jibril, S.T. Abu-Orabi and S. Klaib, "Synthesis of Tri-tert- Butylcyclopentadiene Via Grignard Reaction". Abhath Al-Yarmouk , (Pure Science and Engineering Series), 4, 137-142 (1995) .
  33.     S. T. Abu-Orabi, "1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Aromatic Nitrile Oxides with Disubstituted Acetylenes and Disubstituted Ethylenes", Mu'tah Journal For Research and studies, Natural and Applied Science Series. 10, 79-87 (1995).
  34.     A.M.S. Abdennabi, A.I. Abdulhadi, S.T. Abu-Orabi and M. Saricimen, "The Inhibition Action of 1-Benzyl -1-H-4,5-Dibenzoyl-1,2,3-Triazole on Mild steel in Hydrochloric Acid Media" Corrosion Science, 38, 1791-1800 (1996).
  35.   S. T. Abu-Orabi, I. Jibril and L.A. Al-Momany “Synthesis of Isoxazole and 2-Isoxazoline Derivatives and Their Reactions with Hydrazine”, Proceeding  of the Third International Conference on Chemistry in Industry, November 1996, Bahrain, pp 264-273. 
  36.    S. T. Abu-Orabi, S.R. Salman, J.M. Gillam and J.C. Lindon,” Characterization of the conformational and tautomeric properties of Benzylamino Derivatives of 1,4-Diphenyl-2-butene-1,4-dione using   NMR spectroscopy. Spectrochimico ACTA Part A, 53, 1521-1525 (1997).
  37.     A.M.S. Abdennabi, A.I. Abdulhadi and S.T. Abu-Orabi, “Relationship   Between the molecular structure and the Inhibition Performance of  Triazole Compound using Electro Chemical Methods”, Anti-Corrosion  Methods and Materials, 45, 103-108 (1998).
  38.      E.H. Licht, H.G. Alt, W. Milius and S.T. Abu-Orabi, “Reduction Reaction  Of the Metallocene complex (h2-C5H4CMe2C9H7)2ZrCl2”,   J. Organomet. Chem., 560, 69-75 (1998).
  39.    H. Tashtoush, S. Abu-Orabi, Eman Ta’an and M. Al-Talib “Synthesis and   Spectroscopic Properties of 2-[1-benzyl-1,2,3. Triazolo-4]-5-aryl-1,3,4- Oxadiazoles. Asian J. Chem., 11, 441-449 (1999).
  40.     M. Al-Talib, S. Abu-Orabi, Sh. Al-Majdalawi and H. Tashtoush. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 4,5-bis-[S-aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl]-1- Substituted benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles.  Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 8, 183-188 (1999).
  41. S. T. Abu-Orabi, R. Al-Hamdany, A. Atfah, A. S. S. Ali and K. H. Abu-Shandi, “Facile and Convenient synthesis of triazolopyridiazine Derivatives Via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Organic Azides”, Asian J. Chem., 11, 774-783 (1999).
  42.      S. T. Abu-Orabi, R. Al-Hamdany, L.A. Al-Momany and E.A. Ta’an, “Reactions of Isoxazoline and Isoxazole Derivatives with Hydrazine Hydrate”.    Asian J. Chem., 11, 1276-1282 (1999).
  43.     S. T. Abu-Orabi, R. Al-Hamdany, S. Shahateet and K. Abu-Shandi,  “Synthesis of Substituted Benzyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole [4,5-d] Pyridazidine-  4,7-Diones”, Heterocyclic Communication, 6, 443-449 (2000).
  44.     S. T. Abu-Orabi, Y. A. Yousef, I. Jibril and S. Shahateet,  “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with trans-Dibenzoylethylene : Thermally Stable Triazoles Versus Unstable Triazolines”, Abhath Al-Yarmouk, Basic Sciences and Engineering, 10, 257-271 (2001).
  45.        S. T. Abu-Orabi, “1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Acetylenic Compounds”, Molecules, A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 7, 302-314 (2002).
  46.      Chahid Moustapha, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi and Hatem Mghames, “Condensation   Reaction between 5-Methyl-3- aminoisoxazole and Formalin, Damascus    University Journal for Basic Sciences, 19, 77-92 (2003).
  47.     Nizar Abu-Jaber, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi, Sameh Gharaibeh, Hanan Malkawi, Idrees Momani, Mohammed Qudah and Nigem Din Yousef, “Suitability of  Agricultural drainage water at Safi for Potash Production”, Abhath AL-Yarmouk,
    Basic Sciences and Engineering, 12, 585-602 (2003).
  48.      Thanaa Shriteh, Sultan T. Abu-Orabi , Adnan Atfah and Rushdi Madwar “Synthesis of Enaminoketones Via Reaction of Benzyl Azides with Unsaturated Ketones” Al-Baath University Journal for Basic Sciences, In Press.

   Book Reviews :

1.       Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Volume 26 Edited by F.G.A. Stone and Robert West.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 7935 (1987) .
2.       High Energy Processes in Organometallic Chemistry , ACS Symposium   Series . No. 333 Edited by Kenneth S. Suslick . J. Am. Chem. Soc. ,     110 , 1323 (1988) .
3.       Organic Chemistry , by Francis A. Carey . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 111 ,   1945 (1989) .
4.       Mechanism of Inorganic and Organometallic Reactions . Volume 5 .     Edited by M.V. Twigg . J. Am . Chem . Soc . 111 , 3486 (1989) .
5.       General Chemistry by A. Al-Oweis , S. Al-Khwaiter , A. Al-Wasel and Al-Suhybani , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , (1992) .

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References 

 
1.       Professor Arthur J. Ashe, III, The University of Michigan, Chemistry  Dept. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (U.S.A).
2.       Professor Dr. Peter Jutzi, Fakultat Fur Chemie Universitat Bielefeld,   D-4800 Bielefeld I (Germany)
3.       Professor Dr. Bernd Wrackmeyer, Universitat Bayreuth, Laboratorium   For Anorganische Chemie, Postfach 3008, D-8580 Bayreuth, (Germany).
4.       Professor. Dr Helmut G. Alt, Universitat Bayreuth, Laboratorium for   Anorganic Chemie, Bayreuth (Germany).
5.       Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hamdan, Ex-President, Yarmouk University,  (Irbid – Jordan).
6.       Prof, Dr. Fayez Khasawneh, President, Yarmouk Univesity,  (Irbid – Jordan).
7.       Dr. Ahmed Yousif Ali-Mohamed, Vice President, Bahrain University   (Bahrain).
8.       Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Attiyat, Ex-President Mu’tah University (Jordan).  Yarmouk University-Chemistry Department.
9.       Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Arfaj, Ex-Chairman, Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.

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